Bowel cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is one of the most common cancers in the United Kingdom, affecting tens of thousands of people annually. While it can affect anyone, it is more prevalent in older age groups. Understanding the signs and symptoms, alongside knowing how to reduce your risk, can significantly improve the chances of early diagnosis and successful treatment.
Key symptoms of bowel cancer often involve changes to your usual bowel habits. According to NHS guidelines, these can include persistent blood in your poo, a persistent change in bowel habit – such as needing to poo more often, with looser poos, or constipation for no obvious reason – unexplained weight loss, extreme tiredness for no obvious reason, or a pain or lump in your tummy. It's crucial to emphasise that while these symptoms can be caused by less serious conditions, any persistent changes should be investigated by a medical professional. The NHS advises that if you experience any of these symptoms for three weeks or more, you should contact your GP without delay.
Several factors can increase a person's risk of developing bowel cancer. These include increasing age, a family history of bowel cancer, and certain inherited conditions. Lifestyle choices also play a significant role. A diet high in red and processed meats and low in fibre, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption are all recognised risk factors. Additionally, certain conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (inflammatory bowel diseases) can also increase risk.
Reducing your risk of bowel cancer often involves making healthy lifestyle choices. The NHS and NICE recommendations align in promoting a balanced diet rich in fibre from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while limiting red and processed meats. Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, cutting down on alcohol, and stopping smoking are all effective preventative measures. Crucially, participating in bowel cancer screening programmes is vital. In England, the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme offers free home test kits every two years to people aged 60 to 74. Some areas are piloting screening for those aged 50-59, with a view to national rollout.
Early diagnosis of bowel cancer is vital for effective treatment. Both the NHS and NICE consistently highlight that spotting symptoms early and seeking prompt medical advice can significantly improve prognosis. If you have any concerns about your bowel health, or if you are eligible for screening, please consult your GP. They are best placed to assess your individual situation and guide you on the appropriate next steps.