Data centres are exploring a shift from copper wiring to light-based technology, known as photonics, within their internal networks. This move aims to reduce the significant power consumption associated with these facilities.
Chris Sharp, chief technology officer at Digital Reality, suggests that copper's extensive use in data centre networking may be nearing its end. Up to 20 tonnes of copper are used for network wiring connecting computer servers in a typical 100MW data centre. Photonics, which transmits data using light, generates less heat than electricity, potentially decreasing the energy needed for cooling systems.
While optical fibre has been used for long-distance communications for decades, researchers and companies are now working to extend its application inside data centres. Peter O'Brien of Ireland's Tyndall Research Institute indicates that after years of development and overcoming manufacturing challenges, photonics is ready for widespread use. AI chip giant Nvidia has also backed the technology.
However, the transition to photonics presents challenges, including integrating different engineering traditions and supply chains. Andrew Wheeler, senior vice president at Hewlett Packard Labs, notes that the industry is still working to reduce costs, partly due to the global distribution of manufacturing processes. Optical components are also sensitive to heat, requiring strict thermal limits to ensure reliability.