For those considering adding grapevines to an edible garden, sufficient light and shelter are crucial for the plants to thrive. While some plants requiring very warm weather may struggle in exposed, cool conditions, a sheltered, sunny spot can be ideal for a grapevine.
Gardeners have the option of growing either wine grapes or dessert grapes. Wine grapes are described as smaller and hardier, though less palatable, while dessert grapes generally need to be cultivated in a sturdy greenhouse to achieve full ripeness. Grapevines are available from plant sellers and garden centres, with most being grafted, necessitating a choice suited to local soil type and climate.
The optimal time for planting grapevines, like other perennial fruit plants, is when they are dormant, with early spring recommended for young plants to protect them from cold temperatures. They require free-draining, fertile soil, and incorporating organic matter into the planting hole is advised. Support structures, such as a fence with wires, can provide necessary shelter and structure for the vine.
Newly planted grapevines need regular watering during their first season to establish. After this initial period, rain typically suffices, except during droughts. Mulching in winter can enhance soil structure and water retention, though care should be taken to prevent organic matter from touching the vine itself.
While grapevines are known for requiring precise training and pruning, a less rigorous approach can still yield a decent amount of fruit. Regular trimming of leaves and vines to ensure good airflow helps maintain plant health. Thinning grape bunches or individual grapes can encourage the remaining fruit to swell and ripen. Grapes are typically ready for harvest from late summer into autumn, depending on the variety, with taste being the best indicator of ripeness.