With periods of hot weather becoming more common across the UK, understanding the dangers of heat-related illnesses like heat exhaustion and heatstroke is vital. Both conditions are serious and occur when the body struggles to regulate its temperature, but heatstroke is a medical emergency. According to NHS guidance, it is crucial to recognise the signs early and know the appropriate steps to take to prevent severe complications, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, young children, and those with chronic health conditions.
Heat exhaustion is typically not life-threatening if treated quickly. Signs can include tiredness, dizziness, a headache, feeling sick or being sick, excessive sweating, pale and clammy skin, muscle cramps, and a fast, weak pulse. The NHS advises that if you suspect someone has heat exhaustion, you should move them to a cool place, get them to lie down with their feet slightly raised, encourage them to drink plenty of water or a rehydration drink, and cool their skin with a fan, cold packs, or a damp sponge. Symptoms should improve within 30 minutes.
If heat exhaustion is not treated, or if a person develops more severe symptoms, it can progress to heatstroke, which is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate medical attention. Signs of heatstroke include not sweating despite being hot, hot red dry skin, confusion, seizures, a loss of consciousness, shortness of breath, and a fast, strong pulse. The NHS explicitly states that if someone shows signs of heatstroke, you must call 999 immediately. While waiting for paramedics, move the person to the coolest place you can find, remove any unnecessary outer clothing, and try to cool them down using a fan or cold packs placed on the armpits or neck.
Prevention remains key in hot weather. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, seeking shade during the hottest parts of the day (11 am to 3 pm), wearing light, loose-fitting clothing, and avoiding strenuous activity can significantly reduce risk. For anyone concerned about their health or persistent symptoms, it is always recommended to consult a GP or other medical professional. This article provides general public health information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.