The notion that certain symbols etched into England's historic buildings are evidence of witchcraft or mystical practices has been debunked by a leading architectural historian. Jennifer Alexander, professor of architectural history at Warwick University, suggests that these marks are nothing more than the practical exercises of stonemasons honing their skills on challenging surfaces.
According to Alexander, symbols such as daisy wheels and hexafoils were 'practical geometry' tools used to instruct apprentices in the use of tools on stone. This, she argues, is analogous to students learning to use compasses for the first time – not a sign of mystical or occult practices.
Historic preservation organisations English Heritage and Historic England have previously claimed to have identified numerous 'witches' marks' or 'ritual protection symbols' on medieval churches and houses. However, Alexander asserts that there is 'no evidence' to support the idea that these symbols hold mystical significance.
Alexander's study of a 14th-century barn in Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, found that the designs were likely the work of masons training apprentices. The symbols she examined were used to teach practical skills such as drawing circles and using compasses with straight edges – not mysticism or witchcraft.
The implications of Alexander's findings are far-reaching, offering a new perspective on our understanding and interpretation of these enigmatic symbols. While some may see this as a blow to the romanticisation of witchcraft, others may view it as an opportunity to gain insight into the practical skills and knowledge of stonemasons throughout history.