Japan has officially recorded its inaugural 'kokushobi', or 'cruelly hot day', as parts of the country experienced temperatures climbing above 40C. This new classification, introduced by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) in April, signifies a critical threshold for public safety warnings amidst increasingly severe summer conditions. The unprecedented heat event saw three central Japanese cities – Tajimi, Gujo, and Toyoda – hit the 40C mark on Tuesday, with the JMA forecasting a continuation of these elevated temperatures into next week.
The introduction of 'kokushobi' underscores a proactive effort to enhance public awareness and safety. Previously, Japan already categorised days exceeding 25C, 30C, and 35C, with those above 35C known as 'moshobi' or 'extremely hot days'. The addition of 'kokushobi', incorporating the term 'koku' meaning harsh or cruel, reflects the escalating intensity of the heatwaves gripping the nation. On Tuesday alone, nearly 300 of the country's 914 observation points registered a 'moshobi', highlighting the widespread nature of the current heat.
In response to the dangerous conditions, authorities have issued heatstroke alerts across more than 40 prefectures. The public is being strongly advised to take preventative measures, including utilising air-conditioning, maintaining adequate hydration by drinking water and consuming salt, and minimising prolonged outdoor activities. The severity of the situation was further evidenced in Tokyo, where the fire department reported that 287 individuals, ranging in age from three to 103, were admitted to hospitals on Tuesday due to suspected heatstroke. This figure represents the highest number recorded for the year.
The Tokyo Fire Department also issued an ambulance overload alert on Wednesday, stressing the critical need for citizens to protect themselves from the heat and avoid overwhelming emergency services. These extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense globally, and Japan is no exception. Last year, the country experienced its highest-ever temperature of 41.8C in Isesaki, and a record 1,803 people suffered heatstrokes in their workplaces, resulting in 19 fatalities.
As Japan prepares for what is anticipated to be another sweltering summer, the Tokyo government has taken steps to mitigate the impact on its workforce. Office workers are being encouraged to adopt more casual attire, such as T-shirts and shorts, in lieu of traditional suits and ties, to help them cope with the heat. This practical measure aims to improve comfort and reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses during working hours.