New Caledonia, a French overseas territory in the Pacific, is at a crossroads as it holds its first provincial elections since 2019. The ballot has significant implications for the archipelago's future, with pro-independence groups seeking to break away from France and establish an independent state. As tensions simmer beneath the surface, the elections are being closely watched by observers who fear a repeat of the violent clashes that erupted in 2024.
Around 192,000 eligible voters participated in electing 76 councillors across three provincial assemblies: 40 in the South Province, 22 in the North Province, and 14 in the Loyalty Islands. These newly elected representatives will subsequently form the territory's congress, which will then select a collegial government to oversee local affairs.
The central question remains whether New Caledonia should remain part of France or become an independent nation. The issue has been contentious for decades, with previous referendums in 2018, 2020, and 2021 resulting in majorities favouring continued ties with France, albeit under the shadow of a pro-independence boycott in 2021.
Support for independence remains strong among the indigenous Melanesian Kanak population. A recent legislative change has expanded voting rights to include approximately 10,575 previously excluded "native-born" residents, including over 4,000 individuals with "customary civil status," which identifies Kanaks. This move comes after a tumultuous period in 2024, when violent riots claimed 14 lives and caused an estimated two billion euros in damages.
The election is taking place under heightened security measures, with France deploying approximately 2,400 law enforcement officers to New Caledonia until mid-July. French Prime Minister Sebastien Lecornu has vowed to resume negotiations on the territory's future next month, aiming for a comprehensive agreement by year-end.