Millions of women in the UK are set to benefit from new NHS guidance aimed at improving diagnosis and management of polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), previously known as polycystic ovarian syndrome. The condition affects up to 13% of women of reproductive age globally, but is often underdiagnosed and inconsistently managed within the UK healthcare system, with up to four million women experiencing irregular periods at risk.
Women with PMOS may experience a range of symptoms, including irregular or absent menstrual cycles, high levels of testosterone, and multiple small follicles on the ovaries. If left undiagnosed, these individuals are at increased risk of developing serious long-term health issues, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnoea, and mental health challenges.
The new guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that healthcare professionals consider screening girls over the age of 10, as well as trans men and non-binary individuals who are not undergoing gender reassignment therapy or surgery. Blood tests to assess hormone levels will be advised, with ultrasound scans also considered in some cases.
Importantly, the guidance stresses that PMOS should not be ruled out in women who have gone through the menopause or those with eating disorders, which disproportionately affect individuals with the condition. Healthcare professionals are also encouraged to consider the higher prevalence of PMOS among Black, Asian, and mixed ethnicity women when evaluating symptoms.
Once a diagnosis is confirmed, annual reviews will be recommended to monitor ongoing symptoms and discuss broader health concerns. The guidance clarifies that In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) should be offered to women with PMOS who meet the standard NICE criteria for the procedure, but advises against offering laser hair removal or light therapies for excess hair growth due to their high estimated annual cost of up to £100 million to the NHS in England.
Marieanne Ledingham, consultant clinical advisor for women’s and reproductive health at NICE, highlighted the significant impact PMOS can have on a person's life. "PMOS is a common but often overlooked condition that can have a major impact on health and wellbeing," she stated.