The UK Government has announced plans to implement new regulations aimed at preventing products sold in Great Britain from contributing to illegal deforestation worldwide. These measures, confirmed during London Climate Action Week, will utilise powers under the Environment Act and strengthen the existing UK Timber Regulation, compelling businesses to scrutinise their supply chains more rigorously.
Under the forthcoming proposals, UK companies trading in commodities such as soy, palm oil, cocoa, and rubber will be required to verify that these products are not sourced from areas subject to illegal deforestation. These raw materials are commonly found in a wide array of supermarket items, including chocolate, cooking oils, shampoos, and cosmetics. While some UK businesses have already initiated voluntary efforts to tackle deforestation within their supply chains, the government has acknowledged that such voluntary actions alone are insufficient to address this pervasive global issue.
Rainforests and other forest ecosystems are crucial for carbon storage and supporting biodiversity, yet they face increasing threats from deforestation, primarily driven by agricultural expansion. Approximately 90% of global deforestation is linked to this expansion, often for the production of internationally traded commodities. In 2023, the UK's consumption of these goods was associated with an estimated 29,000 hectares of deforestation globally, equivalent to about one and a half times the size of Manchester, and 9.4 million tonnes of related carbon emissions.
Nature Minister Mary Creagh emphasised the significance of the new policy, stating, "Tackling global deforestation is one of the most effective ways we can address climate change and protect some of the world’s most unique and precious wildlife." She added that scrutinising supply chains and eliminating products linked to illegal deforestation not only safeguards ecosystems but also enhances collective resilience and long-term prosperity. Several major supermarkets have previously advocated for stronger regulation in this area.
The British Retail Consortium (BRC) welcomed the announcement, with Andrew Opie, Director of Food & Sustainability, noting that retailers have long called for UK deforestation regulation to drive forest conservation and align with business commitments. He also highlighted the importance of a pragmatic approach to enforcement, particularly given the EU regulation's impending effect in Northern Ireland, to minimise disruption for businesses and consumers.
For Northern Ireland, the EU regulation is set to take effect at the end of the year, maintaining its unique dual market access to both the UK Internal Market and the EU Single Market. The UK Government will consult with businesses, civil society organisations, and international partners later this year to finalise the details of the proposed Great British deforestation policy, including the specific mandatory due diligence requirements.