Photography, often picked up in childhood, has not been extensively studied for its impact, especially in the era before smartphones and digital imagery. This area of study fascinates Annebella Pollen, a professor of visual and material culture at the University of Brighton.
Pollen's research delves into the history of children's photography, exploring how it reflects societal views of children and their self-perception. Her findings are presented in her new book, 'Whippersnappers: How Children Became Photographers', and in the 'Snap Happy!' exhibition at The Photographers' Gallery in London.
Technological advancements in the 1900s made photography more accessible, transforming it from an expensive pursuit into a widespread hobby. Cameras were marketed as simple enough for children to use, and receiving a first camera became a significant childhood gift. Schools also invested in photography clubs, with examples of children taking clandestine photos of teachers dating back to the 1950s.
While children's photographic interests, such as shooting friends, family, and pets, have remained consistent, cultural attitudes have shifted. Early photography was a privilege, with children expected to produce images that were not overtly childish. By the mid-20th century, a child's photography was valued for its unique, fresh perspective. However, Pollen notes a current trend of increased apprehension regarding children's image-making, with some adults perceiving it as risky.
Despite these changing perceptions, photography was once promoted as a healthy, engaging, and unselfish form of leisure in the early 20th century. Pollen also highlights the use of cameras as a tool for social inclusion since the 1930s, with projects giving cameras to children to foster personal skills and career opportunities, though these were often temporary engagements.