During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which takes place in the second half and concludes with a period, women experience a substantial decrease in oestrogen. This hormonal change can lead to shifts in appearance, sleep, and mood, according to Dr Louise Newson, a GP and women's hormones specialist.
Dr Newson explains that hormones affect skin and collagen, potentially resulting in drier skin, a less bright complexion, acne, spots, bloating, and changes in breast shape. Dr Helen O'Neill, an associate professor in reproductive and molecular genetics at University College London, adds that a rise in progesterone as oestrogen falls can increase skin oil production and cause the body to retain more fluids, leading to a puffier face, general bloating, and tender, swollen breasts.
Beyond physical changes, women may also report feeling lethargic, unmotivated, clumsy, and forgetful. Some describe feeling like their brain is working in slow motion, experiencing reduced desire to socialise, and feeling low. Relationships may also be affected, with some women reporting increased irritability or a tendency to either overshare or isolate themselves from friends.
Specialists highlight a need for more education and discussion about menstrual cycles. Dr Newson advises that women who are particularly struggling during the luteal phase should consult a health professional and advocate for themselves, as these symptoms do not typically resolve on their own. Strategies that may help manage symptoms include understanding the phase is temporary, focusing on nutrition, staying hydrated, reducing salty foods and alcohol, and maintaining movement.