Nearly half of people arrested by the Metropolitan Police could be living with undiagnosed ADHD, according to new research that exposes a hidden crisis within Britain's criminal justice system.
The study examined 100 individuals processed through a London custody suite, using a rigorous two-stage screening process. Researchers first deployed questionnaires to identify potential ADHD indicators, then conducted detailed clinical interviews with those who screened positive—a methodology designed to provide more accurate results than self-reporting alone.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. When undiagnosed, these traits can manifest as poor impulse control, emotional regulation problems, and planning difficulties—behaviours that often lead to police encounters.
The findings reveal a stark reality for those entering custody. Without proper diagnosis or support, individuals face a cycle of missed treatment opportunities and heightened reoffending risks. For the criminal justice system, the research raises urgent questions about identifying and accommodating people with neurodevelopmental conditions rather than simply processing them through standard procedures.
Criminal justice experts have long highlighted the overrepresentation of people with ADHD and autism in prisons and police custody. This research strengthens calls for improved screening protocols within police forces and better integration between justice, health, and social care services.
The study underscores the need for specialised training for police officers and custody staff, alongside clear referral pathways to specialist health services. Early identification and intervention could improve individual outcomes whilst potentially reducing reoffending rates and associated societal costs.
Source: The Guardian